斷言#

穩定性:2 - 穩定

原始碼: lib/assert.js

node:assert 模組提供一組斷言函數,用於驗證不變式。

嚴格斷言模式#

在嚴格斷言模式中,非嚴格方法的行為會像對應的嚴格方法。例如,assert.deepEqual() 的行為會像 assert.deepStrictEqual()

在嚴格斷言模式中,物件的錯誤訊息會顯示差異。在舊版斷言模式中,物件的錯誤訊息會顯示物件,且經常會被截斷。

若要使用嚴格斷言模式

import { strict as assert } from 'node:assert';const assert = require('node:assert').strict;
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

錯誤差異範例

import { strict as assert } from 'node:assert';

assert.deepEqual([[[1, 2, 3]], 4, 5], [[[1, 2, '3']], 4, 5]);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected ... Lines skipped
//
//   [
//     [
// ...
//       2,
// +     3
// -     '3'
//     ],
// ...
//     5
//   ]const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.deepEqual([[[1, 2, 3]], 4, 5], [[[1, 2, '3']], 4, 5]);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected ... Lines skipped
//
//   [
//     [
// ...
//       2,
// +     3
// -     '3'
//     ],
// ...
//     5
//   ]

若要停用顏色,請使用 NO_COLORNODE_DISABLE_COLORS 環境變數。這也會停用 REPL 中的顏色。有關終端環境中色彩支援的更多資訊,請參閱 tty getColorDepth() 文件。

舊版斷言模式#

舊版斷言模式在下列情況中使用 == 算子

若要使用舊版斷言模式

import assert from 'node:assert';const assert = require('node:assert');

舊版斷言模式可能會產生令人驚訝的結果,特別是在使用 assert.deepEqual()

// WARNING: This does not throw an AssertionError in legacy assertion mode!
assert.deepEqual(/a/gi, new Date()); 

類別:assert.AssertionError[src]#

表示斷言失敗。node:assert 模組所引發的所有錯誤都會是 AssertionError 類別的執行個體。

new assert.AssertionError(options)#

  • options <Object>
    • message <string>如果提供,錯誤訊息會設定為此值。
    • actual <any>錯誤執行個體上的 actual 屬性。
    • expected <any>錯誤執行個體上的 expected 屬性。
    • operator <string>錯誤執行個體上的 operator 屬性。
    • stackStartFn <Function>如果提供,產生的堆疊追蹤會略過此函式之前的框架。

Error 的子類別,表示斷言失敗。

所有執行個體都包含內建 Error 屬性(messagename),以及

import assert from 'node:assert';

// Generate an AssertionError to compare the error message later:
const { message } = new assert.AssertionError({
  actual: 1,
  expected: 2,
  operator: 'strictEqual',
});

// Verify error output:
try {
  assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
} catch (err) {
  assert(err instanceof assert.AssertionError);
  assert.strictEqual(err.message, message);
  assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'AssertionError');
  assert.strictEqual(err.actual, 1);
  assert.strictEqual(err.expected, 2);
  assert.strictEqual(err.code, 'ERR_ASSERTION');
  assert.strictEqual(err.operator, 'strictEqual');
  assert.strictEqual(err.generatedMessage, true);
}const assert = require('node:assert');

// Generate an AssertionError to compare the error message later:
const { message } = new assert.AssertionError({
  actual: 1,
  expected: 2,
  operator: 'strictEqual',
});

// Verify error output:
try {
  assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
} catch (err) {
  assert(err instanceof assert.AssertionError);
  assert.strictEqual(err.message, message);
  assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'AssertionError');
  assert.strictEqual(err.actual, 1);
  assert.strictEqual(err.expected, 2);
  assert.strictEqual(err.code, 'ERR_ASSERTION');
  assert.strictEqual(err.operator, 'strictEqual');
  assert.strictEqual(err.generatedMessage, true);
}

類別:assert.CallTracker#

穩定性:0 - 已標示為不建議使用

此功能已標示為不建議使用,且將在未來版本中移除。請考慮使用其他替代方案,例如 mock 輔助函式。

new assert.CallTracker()#

建立新的 CallTracker 物件,可用於追蹤函式是否被呼叫特定次數。必須呼叫 tracker.verify() 才能進行驗證。一般模式會在 process.on('exit') 處理常式中呼叫它。

import assert from 'node:assert';
import process from 'node:process';

const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// callsfunc() must be called exactly 1 time before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 1);

callsfunc();

// Calls tracker.verify() and verifies if all tracker.calls() functions have
// been called exact times.
process.on('exit', () => {
  tracker.verify();
});const assert = require('node:assert');

const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// callsfunc() must be called exactly 1 time before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 1);

callsfunc();

// Calls tracker.verify() and verifies if all tracker.calls() functions have
// been called exact times.
process.on('exit', () => {
  tracker.verify();
});

tracker.calls([fn][, exact])#

包裝函式預期會被呼叫 exact 次。如果在呼叫 tracker.verify() 時函式尚未被呼叫 exact 次,則 tracker.verify() 會擲回錯誤。

import assert from 'node:assert';

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);const assert = require('node:assert');

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);

tracker.getCalls(fn)#

import assert from 'node:assert';

const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);
callsfunc(1, 2, 3);

assert.deepStrictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc),
                       [{ thisArg: undefined, arguments: [1, 2, 3] }]);const assert = require('node:assert');

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);
callsfunc(1, 2, 3);

assert.deepStrictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc),
                       [{ thisArg: undefined, arguments: [1, 2, 3] }]);

tracker.report()#

陣列包含關於預期和實際呼叫次數的資訊,其中函式並未呼叫預期的次數。

import assert from 'node:assert';

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);

// Returns an array containing information on callsfunc()
console.log(tracker.report());
// [
//  {
//    message: 'Expected the func function to be executed 2 time(s) but was
//    executed 0 time(s).',
//    actual: 0,
//    expected: 2,
//    operator: 'func',
//    stack: stack trace
//  }
// ]const assert = require('node:assert');

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);

// Returns an array containing information on callsfunc()
console.log(tracker.report());
// [
//  {
//    message: 'Expected the func function to be executed 2 time(s) but was
//    executed 0 time(s).',
//    actual: 0,
//    expected: 2,
//    operator: 'func',
//    stack: stack trace
//  }
// ]

tracker.reset([fn])#

  • fn <函式> 要重設的追蹤函式。

重設呼叫追蹤器的呼叫。如果傳遞追蹤函式作為引數,則會重設呼叫。如果未傳遞引數,則會重設所有追蹤函式。

import assert from 'node:assert';

const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);

callsfunc();
// Tracker was called once
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 1);

tracker.reset(callsfunc);
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 0);const assert = require('node:assert');

const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func);

callsfunc();
// Tracker was called once
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 1);

tracker.reset(callsfunc);
assert.strictEqual(tracker.getCalls(callsfunc).length, 0);

tracker.verify()#

反覆執行傳遞給 tracker.calls() 的函式清單,並針對未呼叫預期次數的函式擲回錯誤。

import assert from 'node:assert';

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);

callsfunc();

// Will throw an error since callsfunc() was only called once.
tracker.verify();const assert = require('node:assert');

// Creates call tracker.
const tracker = new assert.CallTracker();

function func() {}

// Returns a function that wraps func() that must be called exact times
// before tracker.verify().
const callsfunc = tracker.calls(func, 2);

callsfunc();

// Will throw an error since callsfunc() was only called once.
tracker.verify();

assert(value[, message])#

assert.ok() 的別名。

assert.deepEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

嚴格斷言模式

assert.deepStrictEqual() 的別名。

舊版斷言模式

測試 actualexpected 參數之間的深度相等性。考慮改用 assert.deepStrictEqual()assert.deepEqual() 可能會產生令人意外的結果。

深度相等性表示子物件的可列舉「自有」屬性也會根據下列規則遞迴評估。

比較詳細資料#

  • 基本值使用 == 运算符 进行比较,但 NaN 除外。如果两边都是 NaN,则视为相同。
  • 对象的 类型标签 应相同。
  • 仅考虑 可枚举的“自身”属性
  • Error 名称和消息始终进行比较,即使这些不是可枚举属性。
  • 对象包装器 既作为对象又作为未包装值进行比较。
  • Object 属性按无序方式进行比较。
  • Map 键和 Set 项按无序方式进行比较。
  • 当两边不同或两边遇到循环引用时,递归停止。
  • 实现不会测试对象的 [[Prototype]]
  • Symbol 属性不进行比较。
  • WeakMapWeakSet 比较不依赖于其值。
  • RegExp lastIndex、flags 和 source 始终进行比较,即使这些不是可枚举属性。

以下示例不会引发 AssertionError,因为使用 == 运算符 比较基本值。

import assert from 'node:assert';
// WARNING: This does not throw an AssertionError!

assert.deepEqual('+00000000', false);const assert = require('node:assert');
// WARNING: This does not throw an AssertionError!

assert.deepEqual('+00000000', false);

“深度”相等意味着子对象的枚举“自身”属性也会进行评估

import assert from 'node:assert';

const obj1 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj2 = {
  a: {
    b: 2,
  },
};
const obj3 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };

assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// OK

// Values of b are different:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual { a: { b: 2 } }

assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// OK

// Prototypes are ignored:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual {}const assert = require('node:assert');

const obj1 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj2 = {
  a: {
    b: 2,
  },
};
const obj3 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };

assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// OK

// Values of b are different:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual { a: { b: 2 } }

assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// OK

// Prototypes are ignored:
assert.deepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } deepEqual {}

如果值不相等,则会引发 AssertionError,其 message 属性设置为 message 参数的值。如果 message 参数未定义,则会分配默认错误消息。如果 message 参数是 Error 的实例,则会引发该实例,而不是 AssertionError

assert.deepStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

測試 actualexpected 參數之間的深度相等性。「深度」相等性表示子物件的可列舉「自身」屬性也會根據下列規則遞迴評估。

比較詳細資料#

  • 基本值會使用 Object.is() 進行比較。
  • 对象的 类型标签 应相同。
  • 物件的 [[Prototype]] 會使用 === 算子 進行比較。
  • 仅考虑 可枚举的“自身”属性
  • Error 名称和消息始终进行比较,即使这些不是可枚举属性。
  • 可列舉的自身 Symbol 屬性也會進行比較。
  • 对象包装器 既作为对象又作为未包装值进行比较。
  • Object 属性按无序方式进行比较。
  • Map 键和 Set 项按无序方式进行比较。
  • 当两边不同或两边遇到循环引用时,递归停止。
  • WeakMapWeakSet 比較不依賴其值。請參閱下方以取得進一步詳細資料。
  • RegExp lastIndex、flags 和 source 始终进行比较,即使这些不是可枚举属性。
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

// This fails because 1 !== '1'.
assert.deepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
//   {
// +   a: 1
// -   a: '1'
//   }

// The following objects don't have own properties
const date = new Date();
const object = {};
const fakeDate = {};
Object.setPrototypeOf(fakeDate, Date.prototype);

// Different [[Prototype]]:
assert.deepStrictEqual(object, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + {}
// - Date {}

// Different type tags:
assert.deepStrictEqual(date, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 2018-04-26T00:49:08.604Z
// - Date {}

assert.deepStrictEqual(NaN, NaN);
// OK because Object.is(NaN, NaN) is true.

// Different unwrapped numbers:
assert.deepStrictEqual(new Number(1), new Number(2));
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + [Number: 1]
// - [Number: 2]

assert.deepStrictEqual(new String('foo'), Object('foo'));
// OK because the object and the string are identical when unwrapped.

assert.deepStrictEqual(-0, -0);
// OK

// Different zeros:
assert.deepStrictEqual(0, -0);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 0
// - -0

const symbol1 = Symbol();
const symbol2 = Symbol();
assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol1]: 1 });
// OK, because it is the same symbol on both objects.

assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol2]: 1 });
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Inputs identical but not reference equal:
//
// {
//   [Symbol()]: 1
// }

const weakMap1 = new WeakMap();
const weakMap2 = new WeakMap([[{}, {}]]);
const weakMap3 = new WeakMap();
weakMap3.unequal = true;

assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap2);
// OK, because it is impossible to compare the entries

// Fails because weakMap3 has a property that weakMap1 does not contain:
assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap3);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
//   WeakMap {
// +   [items unknown]
// -   [items unknown],
// -   unequal: true
//   }const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

// This fails because 1 !== '1'.
assert.deepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
//   {
// +   a: 1
// -   a: '1'
//   }

// The following objects don't have own properties
const date = new Date();
const object = {};
const fakeDate = {};
Object.setPrototypeOf(fakeDate, Date.prototype);

// Different [[Prototype]]:
assert.deepStrictEqual(object, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + {}
// - Date {}

// Different type tags:
assert.deepStrictEqual(date, fakeDate);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 2018-04-26T00:49:08.604Z
// - Date {}

assert.deepStrictEqual(NaN, NaN);
// OK because Object.is(NaN, NaN) is true.

// Different unwrapped numbers:
assert.deepStrictEqual(new Number(1), new Number(2));
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + [Number: 1]
// - [Number: 2]

assert.deepStrictEqual(new String('foo'), Object('foo'));
// OK because the object and the string are identical when unwrapped.

assert.deepStrictEqual(-0, -0);
// OK

// Different zeros:
assert.deepStrictEqual(0, -0);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 0
// - -0

const symbol1 = Symbol();
const symbol2 = Symbol();
assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol1]: 1 });
// OK, because it is the same symbol on both objects.

assert.deepStrictEqual({ [symbol1]: 1 }, { [symbol2]: 1 });
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Inputs identical but not reference equal:
//
// {
//   [Symbol()]: 1
// }

const weakMap1 = new WeakMap();
const weakMap2 = new WeakMap([[{}, {}]]);
const weakMap3 = new WeakMap();
weakMap3.unequal = true;

assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap2);
// OK, because it is impossible to compare the entries

// Fails because weakMap3 has a property that weakMap1 does not contain:
assert.deepStrictEqual(weakMap1, weakMap3);
// AssertionError: Expected inputs to be strictly deep-equal:
// + actual - expected
//
//   WeakMap {
// +   [items unknown]
// -   [items unknown],
// -   unequal: true
//   }

如果值不相等,則會擲回一個 AssertionError,其 message 屬性設定為等於 message 參數的值。如果 message 參數未定義,則會指定預設錯誤訊息。如果 message 參數是 Error 的執行個體,則會擲回該執行個體,而不是 AssertionError

assert.doesNotMatch(字串, 正規表示法[, 訊息])#

預期 字串 輸入不符合正規表示法。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.doesNotMatch('I will fail', /fail/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input was expected to not match the ...

assert.doesNotMatch(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.

assert.doesNotMatch('I will pass', /different/);
// OKconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.doesNotMatch('I will fail', /fail/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input was expected to not match the ...

assert.doesNotMatch(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.

assert.doesNotMatch('I will pass', /different/);
// OK

如果值符合,或如果 字串 參數的類型不是 字串,則會擲回 訊息 屬性設定為等於 訊息 參數值的 AssertionError。如果 訊息 參數未定義,則會指派預設錯誤訊息。如果 訊息 參數是 Error 的執行個體,則會擲回它,而不是 AssertionError

assert.doesNotReject(非同步函數[, 錯誤][, 訊息])#

等待 非同步函數 承諾或,如果 非同步函數 是函數,則立即呼叫函數並等待傳回的承諾完成。然後它會檢查承諾是否未被拒絕。

如果 asyncFn 是函式且同步擲回錯誤,assert.doesNotReject() 將傳回包含該錯誤的已拒絕 Promise。如果函式未傳回承諾,assert.doesNotReject() 將傳回包含 ERR_INVALID_RETURN_VALUE 錯誤的已拒絕 Promise。在兩種情況下,都會略過錯誤處理常式。

使用 assert.doesNotReject() 其實沒有用,因為捕捉拒絕然後再次拒絕它幾乎沒有好處。相反地,請考慮在不應拒絕的特定程式碼路徑旁新增註解,並盡可能保持錯誤訊息表達力。

如果已指定,error 可以是 ClassRegExp 或驗證函式。請參閱 assert.throws() 以取得更多詳細資料。

除了非同步性質外,等待完成的行為與 assert.doesNotThrow() 相同。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

await assert.doesNotReject(
  async () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  SyntaxError,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

(async () => {
  await assert.doesNotReject(
    async () => {
      throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
    },
    SyntaxError,
  );
})();
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.doesNotReject(Promise.reject(new TypeError('Wrong value')))
  .then(() => {
    // ...
  });const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.doesNotReject(Promise.reject(new TypeError('Wrong value')))
  .then(() => {
    // ...
  });

assert.doesNotThrow(fn[, error][, message])#

斷言函式 fn 沒有擲回錯誤。

使用 assert.doesNotThrow() 其實沒有用,因為捕捉錯誤然後再次擲回它沒有好處。相反地,請考慮在不應擲回的特定程式碼路徑旁新增註解,並盡可能保持錯誤訊息表達力。

呼叫 assert.doesNotThrow() 時,它會立即呼叫 fn 函式。

如果擲回錯誤,而且錯誤類型與 error 參數指定的類型相同,則會擲回 AssertionError。如果錯誤類型不同,或 error 參數未定義,則錯誤會傳播回呼叫者。

如果已指定,error 可以是 ClassRegExp 或驗證函式。請參閱 assert.throws() 以取得更多詳細資料。

例如,以下會擲回 TypeError,因為斷言中沒有相符的錯誤類型

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  SyntaxError,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  SyntaxError,
);

然而,下列情況將導致 AssertionError,並顯示訊息「Got unwanted exception...」

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  TypeError,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  TypeError,
);

如果擲回 AssertionError,並為 message 參數提供值,message 的值將附加到 AssertionError 訊息

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  /Wrong value/,
  'Whoops',
);
// Throws: AssertionError: Got unwanted exception: Whoopsconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.doesNotThrow(
  () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  /Wrong value/,
  'Whoops',
);
// Throws: AssertionError: Got unwanted exception: Whoops

assert.equal(actual, expected[, message])#

嚴格斷言模式

assert.strictEqual() 的別名。

舊版斷言模式

穩定性:3 - 舊版:請改用 assert.strictEqual()

使用 == 算子 測試 actualexpected 參數之間的淺層強制相等性。NaN 經過特別處理,如果兩邊都是 NaN,則視為相同。

import assert from 'node:assert';

assert.equal(1, 1);
// OK, 1 == 1
assert.equal(1, '1');
// OK, 1 == '1'
assert.equal(NaN, NaN);
// OK

assert.equal(1, 2);
// AssertionError: 1 == 2
assert.equal({ a: { b: 1 } }, { a: { b: 1 } });
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } == { a: { b: 1 } }const assert = require('node:assert');

assert.equal(1, 1);
// OK, 1 == 1
assert.equal(1, '1');
// OK, 1 == '1'
assert.equal(NaN, NaN);
// OK

assert.equal(1, 2);
// AssertionError: 1 == 2
assert.equal({ a: { b: 1 } }, { a: { b: 1 } });
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } == { a: { b: 1 } }

如果值不相等,則會擲回一個 AssertionError,其 message 屬性設定為等於 message 參數的值。如果 message 參數未定義,則會指定預設錯誤訊息。如果 message 參數是 Error 的執行個體,則會擲回該執行個體,而不是 AssertionError

assert.fail([message])#

擲回 AssertionError,並附上提供的錯誤訊息或預設錯誤訊息。如果 message 參數是 Error 的執行個體,則會擲回該執行個體,而不是 AssertionError

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.fail();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Failed

assert.fail('boom');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: boom

assert.fail(new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need arrayconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.fail();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Failed

assert.fail('boom');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: boom

assert.fail(new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need array

使用帶有多於兩個參數的 assert.fail() 是可行的,但已不建議使用。請參閱下方以取得更多詳細資訊。

assert.fail(actual, expected[, message[, operator[, stackStartFn]]])#

穩定性:0 - 已過時:請改用 assert.fail([message]) 或其他 assert 函式。

如果 message 為假值,錯誤訊息會設定為 actualexpected 的值,並以提供的 operator 分隔。如果只提供 actualexpected 這兩個參數,operator 會預設為 '!='。如果 message 提供為第三個參數,它會用作錯誤訊息,而其他參數會儲存在拋出的物件的屬性中。如果提供 stackStartFn,所有高於該函式的堆疊框架都會從堆疊追蹤中移除(請參閱 Error.captureStackTrace)。如果沒有提供任何參數,會使用預設訊息 Failed

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.fail('a', 'b');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' != 'b'

assert.fail(1, 2, undefined, '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 1 > 2

assert.fail(1, 2, 'fail');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: fail

assert.fail(1, 2, 'whoops', '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: whoops

assert.fail(1, 2, new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need arrayconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.fail('a', 'b');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' != 'b'

assert.fail(1, 2, undefined, '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 1 > 2

assert.fail(1, 2, 'fail');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: fail

assert.fail(1, 2, 'whoops', '>');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: whoops

assert.fail(1, 2, new TypeError('need array'));
// TypeError: need array

在最後三種情況下,actualexpectedoperator 對錯誤訊息沒有影響。

stackStartFn 的範例用法,用於截斷例外的堆疊追蹤

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

function suppressFrame() {
  assert.fail('a', 'b', undefined, '!==', suppressFrame);
}
suppressFrame();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' !== 'b'
//     at repl:1:1
//     at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:44:33)
//     ...const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

function suppressFrame() {
  assert.fail('a', 'b', undefined, '!==', suppressFrame);
}
suppressFrame();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: 'a' !== 'b'
//     at repl:1:1
//     at ContextifyScript.Script.runInThisContext (vm.js:44:33)
//     ...

assert.ifError(value)#

如果 不是 未定義null,則擲出 。這在測試 callback 中的 錯誤 參數時很有用。堆疊追蹤包含傳遞給 ifError() 的錯誤的所有框架,包括 ifError() 本身潛在的新框架。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.ifError(null);
// OK
assert.ifError(0);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 0
assert.ifError('error');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 'error'
assert.ifError(new Error());
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: Error

// Create some random error frames.
let err;
(function errorFrame() {
  err = new Error('test error');
})();

(function ifErrorFrame() {
  assert.ifError(err);
})();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: test error
//     at ifErrorFrame
//     at errorFrameconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.ifError(null);
// OK
assert.ifError(0);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 0
assert.ifError('error');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: 'error'
assert.ifError(new Error());
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: Error

// Create some random error frames.
let err;
(function errorFrame() {
  err = new Error('test error');
})();

(function ifErrorFrame() {
  assert.ifError(err);
})();
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: ifError got unwanted exception: test error
//     at ifErrorFrame
//     at errorFrame

assert.match(字串, 正規表示式[, 訊息])#

預期 字串 輸入與正規表示式相符。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.match('I will fail', /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input did not match the regular ...

assert.match(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.

assert.match('I will pass', /pass/);
// OKconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.match('I will fail', /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The input did not match the regular ...

assert.match(123, /pass/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: The "string" argument must be of type string.

assert.match('I will pass', /pass/);
// OK

如果值不符,或者 字串 參數的類型不是 字串,則會擲出 AssertionError,並將 訊息 屬性設定為等於 訊息 參數的值。如果 訊息 參數未定義,則會指定預設錯誤訊息。如果 訊息 參數是 Error 的執行個體,則會擲出該執行個體,而不是 AssertionError

assert.notDeepEqual(實際, 預期[, 訊息])#

嚴格斷言模式

assert.notDeepStrictEqual() 的別名。

舊版斷言模式

測試任何深度不平等。與 assert.deepEqual() 相反。

import assert from 'node:assert';

const obj1 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj2 = {
  a: {
    b: 2,
  },
};
const obj3 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// OK

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// OKconst assert = require('node:assert');

const obj1 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj2 = {
  a: {
    b: 2,
  },
};
const obj3 = {
  a: {
    b: 1,
  },
};
const obj4 = { __proto__: obj1 };

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj1);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj2);
// OK

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj3);
// AssertionError: { a: { b: 1 } } notDeepEqual { a: { b: 1 } }

assert.notDeepEqual(obj1, obj4);
// OK

如果值深度相等,則會擲出 AssertionError,並將 訊息 屬性設定為等於 訊息 參數的值。如果 訊息 參數未定義,則會指定預設錯誤訊息。如果 訊息 參數是 Error 的執行個體,則會擲出該執行個體,而不是 AssertionError

assert.notDeepStrictEqual(實際, 預期[, 訊息])#

深度嚴格不等測試。與 assert.deepStrictEqual() 相反。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.notDeepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// OKconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.notDeepStrictEqual({ a: 1 }, { a: '1' });
// OK

如果值深度嚴格相等,則會擲出 AssertionError,其 message 屬性設定為等於 message 參數的值。如果 message 參數未定義,則會指定預設錯誤訊息。如果 message 參數是 Error 的實例,則會擲出該實例,而不是 AssertionError

assert.notEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

嚴格斷言模式

assert.notStrictEqual() 的別名。

舊版斷言模式

使用 != 算子 測試淺層、強制轉型不等式。NaN 經過特殊處理,如果兩邊都是 NaN,則視為相同。

import assert from 'node:assert';

assert.notEqual(1, 2);
// OK

assert.notEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError: 1 != 1

assert.notEqual(1, '1');
// AssertionError: 1 != '1'const assert = require('node:assert');

assert.notEqual(1, 2);
// OK

assert.notEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError: 1 != 1

assert.notEqual(1, '1');
// AssertionError: 1 != '1'

如果值相等,則會擲出 AssertionError,其 message 屬性設定為等於 message 參數的值。如果 message 參數未定義,則會指定預設錯誤訊息。如果 message 參數是 Error 的實例,則會擲出該實例,而不是 AssertionError

assert.notStrictEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

根據 Object.is() 判斷 actualexpected 參數之間的嚴格不平等。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.notStrictEqual(1, 2);
// OK

assert.notStrictEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected "actual" to be strictly unequal to:
//
// 1

assert.notStrictEqual(1, '1');
// OKconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.notStrictEqual(1, 2);
// OK

assert.notStrictEqual(1, 1);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected "actual" to be strictly unequal to:
//
// 1

assert.notStrictEqual(1, '1');
// OK

如果值嚴格相等,則會擲出 message 屬性設定為等於 message 參數值的 AssertionError。如果 message 參數未定義,則會指定預設錯誤訊息。如果 message 參數是 Error 的執行個體,則會擲出它,而不是 AssertionError

assert.ok(value[, message])#

測試 value 是否為真值。它等於 assert.equal(!!value, true, message)

如果 value 不是真值,則會擲出 message 屬性設定為等於 message 參數值的 AssertionError。如果 message 參數為 undefined,則會指定預設錯誤訊息。如果 message 參數是 Error 的執行個體,則會擲出它,而不是 AssertionError。如果完全沒有傳遞任何參數,則 message 會設定為字串:'No value argument passed to `assert.ok()`'

請注意,在 repl 中,錯誤訊息會與在檔案中擲出的錯誤訊息不同!請參閱下方以取得進一步詳細資訊。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.ok(true);
// OK
assert.ok(1);
// OK

assert.ok();
// AssertionError: No value argument passed to `assert.ok()`

assert.ok(false, 'it\'s false');
// AssertionError: it's false

// In the repl:
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: false == true

// In a file (e.g. test.js):
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string')

assert.ok(false);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(false)

assert.ok(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(0)const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.ok(true);
// OK
assert.ok(1);
// OK

assert.ok();
// AssertionError: No value argument passed to `assert.ok()`

assert.ok(false, 'it\'s false');
// AssertionError: it's false

// In the repl:
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: false == true

// In a file (e.g. test.js):
assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string');
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(typeof 123 === 'string')

assert.ok(false);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(false)

assert.ok(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert.ok(0)
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

// Using `assert()` works the same:
assert(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert(0)const assert = require('node:assert');

// Using `assert()` works the same:
assert(0);
// AssertionError: The expression evaluated to a falsy value:
//
//   assert(0)

assert.rejects(asyncFn[, error][, message])#

等待 asyncFn 承諾或,如果 asyncFn 是函式,立即呼叫函式並等待傳回的承諾完成。然後會檢查承諾是否被拒絕。

如果 asyncFn 是函式,並同步擲出錯誤,assert.rejects() 會傳回一個被拒絕的 Promise,其中包含該錯誤。如果函式沒有傳回承諾,assert.rejects() 會傳回一個被拒絕的 Promise,其中包含 ERR_INVALID_RETURN_VALUE 錯誤。在兩種情況下,錯誤處理常式都會被略過。

除了等待完成的非同步本質,行為與 assert.throws() 相同。

如果已指定,error 可以是 ClassRegExp、驗證函式、每個屬性都將被測試的物件,或錯誤實例,其中每個屬性都將被測試,包括不可列舉的 messagename 屬性。

如果已指定,message 將是 AssertionError 提供的訊息,如果 asyncFn 拒絕拒絕。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

await assert.rejects(
  async () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  {
    name: 'TypeError',
    message: 'Wrong value',
  },
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

(async () => {
  await assert.rejects(
    async () => {
      throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
    },
    {
      name: 'TypeError',
      message: 'Wrong value',
    },
  );
})();
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

await assert.rejects(
  async () => {
    throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
  },
  (err) => {
    assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'TypeError');
    assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Wrong value');
    return true;
  },
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

(async () => {
  await assert.rejects(
    async () => {
      throw new TypeError('Wrong value');
    },
    (err) => {
      assert.strictEqual(err.name, 'TypeError');
      assert.strictEqual(err.message, 'Wrong value');
      return true;
    },
  );
})();
import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.rejects(
  Promise.reject(new Error('Wrong value')),
  Error,
).then(() => {
  // ...
});const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.rejects(
  Promise.reject(new Error('Wrong value')),
  Error,
).then(() => {
  // ...
});

error 不能為字串。如果字串提供為第二個參數,則假設省略 error,字串將用於 message。這可能會導致容易遺漏的錯誤。如果考慮將字串作為第二個參數,請仔細閱讀 assert.throws() 中的範例。

assert.strictEqual(actual, expected[, message])#

根據 Object.is() 測試 actualexpected 參數之間的嚴格相等性。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
//
// 1 !== 2

assert.strictEqual(1, 1);
// OK

assert.strictEqual('Hello foobar', 'Hello World!');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 'Hello foobar'
// - 'Hello World!'
//          ^

const apples = 1;
const oranges = 2;
assert.strictEqual(apples, oranges, `apples ${apples} !== oranges ${oranges}`);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: apples 1 !== oranges 2

assert.strictEqual(1, '1', new TypeError('Inputs are not identical'));
// TypeError: Inputs are not identicalconst assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.strictEqual(1, 2);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
//
// 1 !== 2

assert.strictEqual(1, 1);
// OK

assert.strictEqual('Hello foobar', 'Hello World!');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Expected inputs to be strictly equal:
// + actual - expected
//
// + 'Hello foobar'
// - 'Hello World!'
//          ^

const apples = 1;
const oranges = 2;
assert.strictEqual(apples, oranges, `apples ${apples} !== oranges ${oranges}`);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: apples 1 !== oranges 2

assert.strictEqual(1, '1', new TypeError('Inputs are not identical'));
// TypeError: Inputs are not identical

如果值不嚴格相等,則會擲出一個 message 屬性設定等於 message 參數值的 AssertionError。如果 message 參數未定義,則會指派預設錯誤訊息。如果 message 參數是 Error 的執行個體,則會擲出它,而不是 AssertionError

assert.throws(fn[, error][, message])#

預期函式 fn 會擲出錯誤。

如果指定,error 可以是 ClassRegExp、驗證函式、驗證物件(每個屬性都將測試嚴格的深度相等性),或錯誤實例(每個屬性都將測試嚴格的深度相等性,包括不可列舉的 messagename 屬性)。使用物件時,在針對字串屬性驗證時,也可以使用正規表示式。請參閱下方範例。

如果指定,如果 fn 呼叫未擲回或錯誤驗證失敗,message 將附加到 AssertionError 提供的訊息中。

自訂驗證物件/錯誤實例

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

const err = new TypeError('Wrong value');
err.code = 404;
err.foo = 'bar';
err.info = {
  nested: true,
  baz: 'text',
};
err.reg = /abc/i;

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw err;
  },
  {
    name: 'TypeError',
    message: 'Wrong value',
    info: {
      nested: true,
      baz: 'text',
    },
    // Only properties on the validation object will be tested for.
    // Using nested objects requires all properties to be present. Otherwise
    // the validation is going to fail.
  },
);

// Using regular expressions to validate error properties:
assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw err;
  },
  {
    // The `name` and `message` properties are strings and using regular
    // expressions on those will match against the string. If they fail, an
    // error is thrown.
    name: /^TypeError$/,
    message: /Wrong/,
    foo: 'bar',
    info: {
      nested: true,
      // It is not possible to use regular expressions for nested properties!
      baz: 'text',
    },
    // The `reg` property contains a regular expression and only if the
    // validation object contains an identical regular expression, it is going
    // to pass.
    reg: /abc/i,
  },
);

// Fails due to the different `message` and `name` properties:
assert.throws(
  () => {
    const otherErr = new Error('Not found');
    // Copy all enumerable properties from `err` to `otherErr`.
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(err)) {
      otherErr[key] = value;
    }
    throw otherErr;
  },
  // The error's `message` and `name` properties will also be checked when using
  // an error as validation object.
  err,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

const err = new TypeError('Wrong value');
err.code = 404;
err.foo = 'bar';
err.info = {
  nested: true,
  baz: 'text',
};
err.reg = /abc/i;

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw err;
  },
  {
    name: 'TypeError',
    message: 'Wrong value',
    info: {
      nested: true,
      baz: 'text',
    },
    // Only properties on the validation object will be tested for.
    // Using nested objects requires all properties to be present. Otherwise
    // the validation is going to fail.
  },
);

// Using regular expressions to validate error properties:
assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw err;
  },
  {
    // The `name` and `message` properties are strings and using regular
    // expressions on those will match against the string. If they fail, an
    // error is thrown.
    name: /^TypeError$/,
    message: /Wrong/,
    foo: 'bar',
    info: {
      nested: true,
      // It is not possible to use regular expressions for nested properties!
      baz: 'text',
    },
    // The `reg` property contains a regular expression and only if the
    // validation object contains an identical regular expression, it is going
    // to pass.
    reg: /abc/i,
  },
);

// Fails due to the different `message` and `name` properties:
assert.throws(
  () => {
    const otherErr = new Error('Not found');
    // Copy all enumerable properties from `err` to `otherErr`.
    for (const [key, value] of Object.entries(err)) {
      otherErr[key] = value;
    }
    throw otherErr;
  },
  // The error's `message` and `name` properties will also be checked when using
  // an error as validation object.
  err,
);

使用建構函式驗證 instanceof

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  Error,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  Error,
);

使用 RegExp 驗證錯誤訊息

使用正規表示式會對錯誤物件執行 .toString,因此也會包含錯誤名稱。

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  /^Error: Wrong value$/,
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  /^Error: Wrong value$/,
);

自訂錯誤驗證

函式必須傳回 true 以表示所有內部驗證都已通過。否則,它將失敗並產生 AssertionError

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  (err) => {
    assert(err instanceof Error);
    assert(/value/.test(err));
    // Avoid returning anything from validation functions besides `true`.
    // Otherwise, it's not clear what part of the validation failed. Instead,
    // throw an error about the specific validation that failed (as done in this
    // example) and add as much helpful debugging information to that error as
    // possible.
    return true;
  },
  'unexpected error',
);const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

assert.throws(
  () => {
    throw new Error('Wrong value');
  },
  (err) => {
    assert(err instanceof Error);
    assert(/value/.test(err));
    // Avoid returning anything from validation functions besides `true`.
    // Otherwise, it's not clear what part of the validation failed. Instead,
    // throw an error about the specific validation that failed (as done in this
    // example) and add as much helpful debugging information to that error as
    // possible.
    return true;
  },
  'unexpected error',
);

error 不能是字串。如果字串作為第二個引數提供,則假設省略 error,而字串將用於 message。這可能會導致容易遺漏的錯誤。使用與擲回錯誤訊息相同的訊息將導致 ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT 錯誤。如果考慮將字串作為第二個引數,請仔細閱讀以下範例

import assert from 'node:assert/strict';

function throwingFirst() {
  throw new Error('First');
}

function throwingSecond() {
  throw new Error('Second');
}

function notThrowing() {}

// The second argument is a string and the input function threw an Error.
// The first case will not throw as it does not match for the error message
// thrown by the input function!
assert.throws(throwingFirst, 'Second');
// In the next example the message has no benefit over the message from the
// error and since it is not clear if the user intended to actually match
// against the error message, Node.js throws an `ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT` error.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, 'Second');
// TypeError [ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT]

// The string is only used (as message) in case the function does not throw:
assert.throws(notThrowing, 'Second');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Missing expected exception: Second

// If it was intended to match for the error message do this instead:
// It does not throw because the error messages match.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, /Second$/);

// If the error message does not match, an AssertionError is thrown.
assert.throws(throwingFirst, /Second$/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]const assert = require('node:assert/strict');

function throwingFirst() {
  throw new Error('First');
}

function throwingSecond() {
  throw new Error('Second');
}

function notThrowing() {}

// The second argument is a string and the input function threw an Error.
// The first case will not throw as it does not match for the error message
// thrown by the input function!
assert.throws(throwingFirst, 'Second');
// In the next example the message has no benefit over the message from the
// error and since it is not clear if the user intended to actually match
// against the error message, Node.js throws an `ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT` error.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, 'Second');
// TypeError [ERR_AMBIGUOUS_ARGUMENT]

// The string is only used (as message) in case the function does not throw:
assert.throws(notThrowing, 'Second');
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]: Missing expected exception: Second

// If it was intended to match for the error message do this instead:
// It does not throw because the error messages match.
assert.throws(throwingSecond, /Second$/);

// If the error message does not match, an AssertionError is thrown.
assert.throws(throwingFirst, /Second$/);
// AssertionError [ERR_ASSERTION]

由於混淆且容易出錯的表示法,請避免將字串作為第二個引數。