串流中的背壓

zip The.Matrix.1080p.mkv

// Secretly the stream is saying: "whoa, whoa! hang on, this is way too much!"
// Data will begin to build up on the read side of the data buffer as
// `write` tries to keep up with the incoming data flow.
inp.pipe(gzip).pipe(outputFile);

   trial (#)  | `node` binary (ms) | modified `node` binary (ms)
=================================================================
      1       |      56924         |           55011
      2       |      52686         |           55869
      3       |      59479         |           54043
      4       |      54473         |           55229
      5       |      52933         |           59723
=================================================================
average time: |      55299         |           55975

approx. time (ms) | GC (ms) | modified GC (ms)
=================================================
          0       |    0    |      0
          1       |    0    |      0
         40       |    0    |      2
        170       |    3    |      1
        300       |    3    |      1

         *             *           *
         *             *           *
         *             *           *

      39000       |    6    |     26
      42000       |    6    |     21
      47000       |    5    |     32
      50000       |    8    |     28
      54000       |    6    |     35

Respecting the return value of .write()
=============================================
real        58.88
user        56.79
sys          8.79
  87810048  maximum resident set size
         0  average shared memory size
         0  average unshared data size
         0  average unshared stack size
     19427  page reclaims
      3134  page faults
         0  swaps
         5  block input operations
       194  block output operations
         0  messages sent
         0  messages received
         1  signals received
        12  voluntary context switches
    666037  involuntary context switches

Without respecting the return value of .write():
==================================================
real        54.48
user        53.15
sys          7.43
1524965376  maximum resident set size
         0  average shared memory size
         0  average unshared data size
         0  average unshared stack size
    373617  page reclaims
      3139  page faults
         0  swaps
        18  block input operations
       199  block output operations
         0  messages sent
         0  messages received
         1  signals received
        25  voluntary context switches
    629566  involuntary context switches

                                                     +===================+
                         x-->  Piping functions   +-->   src.pipe(dest)  |
                         x     are set up during     |===================|
                         x     the .pipe method.     |  Event callbacks  |
  +===============+      x                           |-------------------|
  |   Your Data   |      x     They exist outside    | .on('close', cb)  |
  +=======+=======+      x     the data flow, but    | .on('data', cb)   |
          |              x     importantly attach    | .on('drain', cb)  |
          |              x     events, and their     | .on('unpipe', cb) |
+---------v---------+    x     respective callbacks. | .on('error', cb)  |
|  Readable Stream  +----+                           | .on('finish', cb) |
+-^-------^-------^-+    |                           | .on('end', cb)    |
  ^       |       ^      |                           +-------------------+
  |       |       |      |
  |       ^       |      |
  ^       ^       ^      |    +-------------------+         +=================+
  ^       |       ^      +---->  Writable Stream  +--------->  .write(chunk)  |
  |       |       |           +-------------------+         +=======+=========+
  |       |       |                                                 |
  |       ^       |                              +------------------v---------+
  ^       |       +-> if (!chunk)                |    Is this chunk too big?  |
  ^       |       |     emit .end();             |    Is the queue busy?      |
  |       |       +-> else                       +-------+----------------+---+
  |       ^       |     emit .write();                   |                |
  |       ^       ^                                   +--v---+        +---v---+
  |       |       ^-----------------------------------<  No  |        |  Yes  |
  ^       |                                           +------+        +---v---+
  ^       |                                                               |
  |       ^               emit .pause();          +=================+     |
  |       ^---------------^-----------------------+  return false;  <-----+---+
  |                                               +=================+         |
  |                                                                           |
  ^            when queue is empty     +============+                         |
  ^------------^-----------------------<  Buffering |                         |
               |                       |============|                         |
               +> emit .drain();       |  ^Buffer^  |                         |
               +> emit .resume();      +------------+                         |
                                       |  ^Buffer^  |                         |
                                       +------------+   add chunk to queue    |
                                       |            <---^---------------------<
                                       +============+

Readable.pipe(Transformable).pipe(Writable);

// This is problematic as it completely ignores the return value from the push
// which may be a signal for backpressure from the destination stream!
class MyReadable extends Readable {
  _read(size) {
    let chunk;
    while (null !== (chunk = getNextChunk())) {
      this.push(chunk);
    }
  }
}

// This ignores the backpressure mechanisms Node.js has set in place,
// and unconditionally pushes through data, regardless if the
// destination stream is ready for it or not.
readable.on('data', data => writable.write(data));

// This writable is invalid because of the async nature of JavaScript callbacks.
// Without a return statement for each callback prior to the last,
// there is a great chance multiple callbacks will be called.
class MyWritable extends Writable {
  _write(chunk, encoding, callback) {
    if (chunk.toString().indexOf('a') >= 0) callback();
    else if (chunk.toString().indexOf('b') >= 0) callback();
    callback();
  }
}

// The proper way to write this would be:
if (chunk.contains('a')) return callback();
if (chunk.contains('b')) return callback();
callback();

// Using .uncork() twice here makes two calls on the C++ layer, rendering the
// cork/uncork technique useless.
ws.cork();
ws.write('hello ');
ws.write('world ');
ws.uncork();

ws.cork();
ws.write('from ');
ws.write('Matteo');
ws.uncork();

// The correct way to write this is to utilize process.nextTick(), which fires
// on the next event loop.
ws.cork();
ws.write('hello ');
ws.write('world ');
process.nextTick(doUncork, ws);

ws.cork();
ws.write('from ');
ws.write('Matteo');
process.nextTick(doUncork, ws);

// As a global function.
function doUncork(stream) {
  stream.uncork();
}